Installing a new water heater may be simple in terms of the actual process but completing that process correctly requires both skill and knowledge. Improper installation can lead to serious problems including flooding, fire, and water heater explosion. To ensure the job is done correctly, most states require local permits before installation begins.
There are exceptions to the rule. While most states require permits, a small number do not. Also note that permits are issued by local municipalities and counties. The rules under which permits are issued vary from one jurisdiction to another. So it is important that homeowners understand the permitting process before installing a new water heater.
How Permits Are Issued
In most cases, a plumbing permit to install a new water heater would be issued by the local building department or code enforcement office. An application is filed, reviewed, and acted on. How long the process takes depends on local rules and the complexity of the work being done.
Some states allow over-the-counter permits for simple water heater installation. This is a permit that is immediately issued when a homeowner or plumber files the application. There is no need for additional plan submissions or regulatory review.
More complex installations may require review. But such installations are usually limited to multi-unit dwellings like apartment buildings and converted houses. A basic and simple installation in a single-family home is pretty straightforward.
Who Applies for Permits
As for who actually applies for the permit, things differ by state. Nearly every state with permit requirements allows plumbers to file for permits on behalf of their customers. Furthermore, some municipalities also mandate that a licensed plumber perform the work. They do not allow DIY water heater installation.
There are a few states that allow homeowners to file for the permits themselves. Regardless, all work must be done according to local building codes. Work must also be inspected upon completion. If it is not up to code, it needs to be redone.
Why Permits Are Required
Permits are required as a means of ensuring that water heaters are installed correctly. State lawmakers and local municipalities do not want to take any risks. The permitting process reduces risk by informing a local municipality of a new installation and giving code enforcement an opportunity to inspect the work.
Comfort Solutions is a Utah HVAC and plumbing company servicing customers in the West Haven and Sandy areas. They offer the following explanation of why plumbing permits are required for water heater installation:
Residential water heaters hold large volumes of hot water under pressure. That combination of heat and pressure creates certain risks that homeowners need to be protected against. A properly installed water heater is completely safe. But improper installation puts homeowners and their families at risk. Installing a water heater is not a job for someone without the proper knowledge and experience.
Installing Without a Permit
Permits for installing water heaters are not free. Municipalities charge for the permits in order to cover the administrative costs of issuing and managing them. Understandably, some homeowners get around the fees by installing water heaters without proper permits. But if caught, they are subject to penalties.
Municipalities are known to fine noncompliant homeowners. Even worse, installing a water heater without a permit could jeopardize the sale of the home down the road.
Even though obtaining plumbing permits is inconvenient and involves paying a fee, it’s still the right thing to do before installing a new water heater. Do not try to buck the system. Obtain a permit and hire a licensed contractor to install the heater.
